Production of N2O in two biologic nitrogen removal processes: a comparison between conventional and short-cut nitrogen removal processes

The N2O production in two nitrogen removal processes treating domestic wastewater was investigated in laboratory-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）. Results showed that N2O emission happened in the aerobic phase rather than in the anoxic phase. During the aerobic phase, the nitrogen conversion to N2O gas was 27.7% and 36.8% of NH＋-N loss for conventional biologic N-removal process and short-cut biologic N-removal process. The dissolved N2O was reduced to N2 in the anoxic denitrification phase. The N2O production rate increased with the increasing of nitrite concentration and ceased when NH＋-N oxidation was terminated. Higher nitrite accumulation resulted in higher NEO emission in the short-cut nitrogen removal process. Pulse-wise addition of 20 mg NO2 -N. L- 1 gave rise to 3-fold of N2O emission in the conventional N-removal process, while little change happened with 20 mg NOS-N L-1 was added to SBR1.     

A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing,China: mechanism analysis and control measures

A red water phenomenon occurred in several communities few days after the change of water source in Beijing, China in 2008. In this study, the origin of this problem, the mechanism of iron release and various control measures were investigated. The results indicated that a significant increase in sulphate concentration as a result of the new water source was the cause of the red water phenomenon. The mechanism of iron release was found that the high-concentration sulphate in the new water source disrupted the stable shell of scale on the inner pipe and led to the release of iron compounds. Experiments showed that the iron release rate in the new source water within pipe section was over 11-fold higher than that occurring within the local source water. The recovery of tap water quality lasted several months despite ameliora- tive measures being implemented, including adding phosphate, reducing the overall proportion of the new water source, elevating the pH and alkalinity, and utilizing free chlorine as a disinfectant instead of chloramine. Adding phosphate was more effective and more practical than the other measures. The iron release rate was decreased after the addition of 1.5 mg. L-1 orthophosphate- P, tripolyphosphate-P and hexametaphosphate-P by 68%, 83% and 87%, respectively. Elevating the pH and alkalinity also reduced the iron release rate by 50%. However, the iron release rate did not decreased after replacing chloramine by 0.5-0.8 mg. L-1 of free chlorine as disinfectant.     

采用TSF技术改善电力变压器运行的安全性

分析了无功功率和高次谐波对电力变压器的危害,介绍了晶闸管投切滤波器(TSF)装置的特点、结构原理．提出了TSF装置在工厂实际应用中的主电路结构,操作及控制方案。实践证明,TSF晶闸管投切滤波器装置起到了高效节能、优化电能质量的作用,保证了电网的安全运行。     

"孤岛"综放开采安全措施研究

根据“孤岛”综放工作面在开采各时期的矿压显现特征,研究了具有针对性的有效防治措施,执行后可实现安全生产,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益,具有推广应用价值。     

近十年我国人机工程学应用研究进展

借助维普《中文科技期刊数据库》,按照不同的学科门类、发表的年限以及人机工程学的研究内容,对1994～2003年国内近4000种主要刊物上发表的有关人机工程学应用研究方面的论文进行全面检索和统计,在此基础上分析我国人机工程应用研究的进展情况。     

湿润剂溶液在硫化矿矿尘中的反向湿润行为研究

采用毛细管反向渗透湿润实验方法,研究了两种阴离子型湿润剂对两种硫化矿矿尘的反渗长度与反渗时间的关系.在实验中,环境和溶液的温度不高(20℃左右),所选的两种湿润剂对硫化矿矿尘都具有一定的改善湿润效果作用,试剂A比试剂B稍好.在反渗长度1 cm内,其反渗长度与反渗时间接近线性关系;反渗长度增大,其反渗长度与反渗时间近乎成抛物线的关系.研究结果显示,用毛细管反渗湿润法研究湿润剂对硫化矿矿尘的湿润行为时,反渗时间与反渗长度的关系基本可用Washburn方程描述;但除了方程中所含的参数外,还存在着诸多的影响因素,如几何条件、矿尘的物理化学性质、湿润剂的种类和浓度梯度等.     

Cu(NO3)2在亚甲蓝湿式氧化处理中的应用

用CWAO技术处理COD为2 000 mg/L的亚甲蓝水溶液.以Cu(NO3)2为催化剂,考察了催化剂投加量、反应温度、压力及进水pH值对亚甲蓝水样COD去除率、脱色率、出水pH值的影响.实验表明,亚甲蓝的氧化效率随催化剂投加量的增加,反应温度及压力的升高而升高.然而,综合考虑亚甲蓝的氧化效率、试剂费用、设备成本及能量消耗,实验确定Cu(NO3)2的投加量以Cu2 计为150 mg/L,反应温度及压力分别为200℃和2.0 MPa.在酸性进水条件下,COD去除率随进水pH值的降低而升高;而在碱性进水条件下,COD去除率随进水pH值的升高而升高.pH值按COD去除率由高到低的排列顺序是:3.87、11.23、5.50、7.25、9.47,实验确定最佳进水pH值是3.87.在以上最佳的操作条件下,反应150 min,水样COD去除率达97.4%,脱色率达99.97%,出水pH值3.63.     

氧化沟工艺处理火车站废水的运行与调试

以信阳市火车北站污水处理工程为例．介绍了以一体化氧化沟工艺为主的处理工艺及其主要构筑物如：泵井、平流沉砂池、氧化沟以及接触消毒池的结构特点和设计水力负荷条件等。针对火车站废水特有的含油污量高、可生化性差的特点．指出了其运行与调试过程中应注意的问题。     

六箱一体化工艺处理城市污水周期设置的试验

介绍了智能型六箱一体化活性污泥脱氮除磷工艺的运行方式及原理,并研究了周期设置对污染物去除的影响。中试研究表明,在泥龄13d和水力停留时间13h的条件下．当周期时间为16h时．工艺取得良好的脱氮除磷效果．出水水质可达国家一级A排放标准。     

园林植物挥发油成分分析及抗菌活性测定

运用试管稀释法和平板涂布法,测定黄皮,白皮松,香榧,侧柏,龙柏,雪松,圆柏等7种常见园林植物的挥发油对表皮葡萄球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌及绿脓杆菌的抗菌活性(包括抑菌和杀菌两个方面)。结果显示,所有供试植物挥发油均具有一定的抗菌活性。对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性为侧柏=龙柏>圆柏>雪松>香榧;对表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌活性为侧柏>圆柏>龙柏=雪松=黄皮>白皮松>香榧;仅圆柏挥发油对大肠杆菌具有抑菌作用,所有供试植物挥发油对绿脓杆菌均无抑菌作用。实验证明,圆柏,侧柏,龙柏,雪松具有较强抗菌活性,是较为理想的城市生态保健型绿化模式的栽培树种。